Polysemy (poly and semy)
Polysemy is
a word that has more than one meaning . In Indonesian , we met many polysemy .
A simple example is the word "can" , which can mean "may"
and could be "toxic" . So is the English who also has polysemy .
Consider the example sentences below :
1. The house is at the foot of the mountains .
2. One of his shoes felt too tight for his foot .
Below is an example of polysemy in everyday :
bank = bank – pinggiran sungai
bed = tempat tidur – dasar – alas –
kebun, taman
book = buku – memesan
congregation = jemaah – perkumpulan
court = pengadilan – halaman – lapangan –
istana – penerimaan tamu
head = kepala (bagian tubuh) – kepala
(pimpinan)
reference :
http://ismailmidi.com/polysemy.html
about hyperbole
Hyperbole is part of the group of opposition figure of
speech that expresses something conflict to its original state. It aims to
strengthen the impression of intent expression. Hyperbole is derived from the Greek word meaning something excessive. The
combined use words that are deliberately overstated or exaggerated in terms of
number, shape, size is characteristic of the hyperbole. Thus, it will give the
impression to the fact that is being expressed more deeply and gained the
attention of the listener. This is why hyperbole classified into opposition
figure of speech (figure of speech conflict) this in a hyperbole use the words
that have different meanings to the word of the word.
Hyperbole often function in lectures, speeches, advice,
expressions of awe, poetry, and often also in everyday conversation.
For example:
11.
The
crying child was flooding the floor.
22. No
matter what people say, he kept running after his dream.
33. My
heart was despondent saw you with him.
collocation
COLLOCATION
Collocation is a familiar grouping of words,
especially words that habitually appear together and thereby convey meaning by
association. In corpus
linguistics, collocation defines a sequence of words or terms that co-occur
more often than would be expected by chance. In phraseology, collocation is a
sub-type of phraseme. An example of a phraseological collocation, as propounded
by Michael Halliday, is the expression strong tea. While the same meaning could
be conveyed by the roughly equivalent *powerful tea, this expression is
considered incorrect by English speakers. Conversely, the corresponding
expression for computer, powerful computers is preferred over *strong
computers. Phraseological collocations should not be confused with idioms,
where meaning is derived, whereas collocations are mostly compositional.
Berikut adalah beberapa contoh kalimat
yang menggunakan Collocation:
- “Kessy go home with his best friend every day.” (best)
- “Kessy eats with his good friends.” (good, close)
Kata ‘good’ adalah Collocation
lain yang dapat digunakan untuk menggantikan ‘good‘ seperti ” Kessy eats
with his close friends.”
- “Kessy has been a loyal friend for decades.” (loyal, true, real, faithful, trusted)
Semua kata dalam kurung dapat digunakan
untuk menggantikan kata “loyal” semua ini adalah contoh lain dari
Collocation untuk kata ‘friend’.
Reference:
synonym, antonym, hyponym
*Synonym
Is the state or phenomenon in which the words that sound
different, but have the same or identical meaning, as another word or
phrase.
Examples:
small - little
big - large
mother and father – parents
Examples:
small - little
big - large
mother and father – parents
*Antonym
Is the state or phenomenon in which the words have the
sense relation which involve the opposite of meaning.
Te word pairs of antonym can be divided into several types:
Te word pairs of antonym can be divided into several types:
1) Implicitly Gradable Pairs
Examples:
big - small
good - bad
fast - slow
young - old
2) Complementary Pairs
Examples:
male - female
alive - dead
present - absent
awake - asleep
3) Relational Pairs
Examples:
buy - sell
push - pull
command - serve
give - take
teach - learn
master - servant
teacher - pupil
doctor . patient
*Hyponym
Is the state or phenomenon that shows the relationship
between more general term, ( lexical representation) and the more
specific instances for it.
Examples:
The lexical representation of:
red, yellow, green, blue, purple, black is ( color ).
Thus we can say that: " red " is a hyponym of " color " and so on.
Examples:
clarinet, guitar, piano, trumpet, violin, are hyponyms because they are " musical instruments " but there is not a single word meaning " musical instrument " that has these words as its hyponyms .
Examples:
The lexical representation of:
red, yellow, green, blue, purple, black is ( color ).
Thus we can say that: " red " is a hyponym of " color " and so on.
Examples:
clarinet, guitar, piano, trumpet, violin, are hyponyms because they are " musical instruments " but there is not a single word meaning " musical instrument " that has these words as its hyponyms .
reference:
http://conceptsinsemantics.weebly.com/synonym-antonym-hyponym.html
